HGSS - recent papers
https://hgss.copernicus.org/articles/
Combined list of the recent articles of the journal History of Geo- and Space Sciences and the recent discussion forum History of Geo- and Space Sciences DiscussionsMehmet Ozan Sungurlu, the Legendary of Turkish Petroleum Geologist
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-17
<b>Mehmet Ozan Sungurlu, the Legendary of Turkish Petroleum Geologist</b><br>
Oguz Mulayim<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-17,2024<br>
<b>Revised manuscript accepted for HGSS</b> (discussion: closed, 9 comments)<br>
The life and work of pioneer geologists such as M. Ozan Sungurlu are a historical and fundamental reference point that should be remembered by current and future generations of geoscientists. This article was written in memory and appreciation of M. Ozan Sungurlu, who made a great contribution to the field and petroleum geology of Türkiye and whose sectoral greatness in the world is undisputed.
2024-02-02T09:04:22+01:00Early auroral photography and observations at the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory in Finland, 1927–1929
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2024-1
<b>Early auroral photography and observations at the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory in Finland, 1927–1929</b><br>
Heikki Nevanlinna and Eija I. Tanskanen<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2024-1,2024<br>
<b>Revised manuscript under review for HGSS</b> (discussion: final response, 15 comments)<br>
This paper deals with historical auroral photographs taken at the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (Finland) in 1927–1929. These photos are the first ones taken in Finland. The work was a co-operation with the Norwegian auroral team and Carl Störmer. The auroral material was recently found in the archive of the Finnish Meteorological Institute and is now published first time for the international scientific community.
2024-02-01T09:04:22+01:00Conjugate Aurora Observations by the Gjøa and Discovery Expeditions
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-14
<b>Conjugate Aurora Observations by the Gjøa and Discovery Expeditions</b><br>
Alv Egeland<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-14,2024<br>
<b>Revised manuscript accepted for HGSS</b> (discussion: final response, 6 comments)<br>
Contemporary analysis of Amundsen’s 120 years old auroral measurements at Gjøahavn carried out simultaneous with Scott’s recordings at Cape Armitage. These observatories are geomagnetically conjugate and located poleward of the auroral oval. All auroral events was associated with weak magnetic disturbances. Maximum activity occurred midwinter. Theta arcs, poleward moving substorm arcs, and transpolar arcs dominated the polar cap. These forms have special magnetic signatures.
2024-01-15T09:04:22+01:00Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-15
<b>Atmospheric electricity observations at Eskdalemuir Geophysical Observatory</b><br>
R. Giles Harrison and John Carter Riddick<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-15,2023<br>
<b>Revised manuscript accepted for HGSS</b> (discussion: closed, 5 comments)<br>
Eskdalemuir Observatory opened in 1908, sited remotely for magnetically quiet conditions. Continuous atmospheric potential gradient (PG) recordings began there in 1911, using a Kelvin water dropper electrograph. Notable scientists who worked with atmospheric electricity at Eskdalemuir include Lewis Fry Richardson and Gordon Dobson. The PG measurements continued until 1981. The methodologies employed are described to help interpret the monthly data now digitally available.
2023-12-06T09:04:22+01:00Book review: Unleashing Yahweh: Ezekiel and the Northern Lights by George Siscoe
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-121-2023
<b>Book review: Unleashing Yahweh: Ezekiel and the Northern Lights by George Siscoe</b><br>
Louis J. Lanzerotti<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 121–122, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-121-2023, 2023<br>
2023-11-01T09:04:22+01:00Comparing the evolution of ESA versus NASA technology transfer approach: market and public demand drivers
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-8
<b>Comparing the evolution of ESA versus NASA technology transfer approach: market and public demand drivers</b><br>
Giorgio Petroni, Benedetta Pini, Serena Filippelli, and Alberto Petroni<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-8,2023<br>
<b>Revised manuscript accepted for HGSS</b> (discussion: closed, 7 comments)<br>
ESA and NASA have distinct technology transfer approaches, including differences in organizational structure, funding mechanisms, intellectual property strategies, international collaborations, business incubation centers, and commercialization focus. However, both agencies share the common goals of maximizing the societal and economic impact of space technologies and fostering innovation through technology transfer.
2023-08-30T09:04:22+02:00The early meteorological network of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina (1781–1792): foundation, organization, and reception
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-93-2023
<b>The early meteorological network of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina (1781–1792): foundation, organization, and reception</b><br>
Peter Winkler<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 93–120, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-93-2023, 2023<br>
The foundation of the Societas Meteorologica Palatina was the most important step toward a physical consideration of meteorology. The organization was exemplary for later observational networks. The data were printed in 12 volumes of ephemerides, being for a long time the most important and reliable database for scientific research. This data pool is not only of historical interest, but it is also used in modern research in many fields.
2023-08-29T09:04:22+02:00A New Propose for Prehistoric Tritonis Lake’s Location based on Apollonius of Rhodes’ description
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2022-15
<b>A New Propose for Prehistoric Tritonis Lake’s Location based on Apollonius of Rhodes’ description</b><br>
Stavros Papamarinopoulos, Panagiota Preka-Papadema, Konstantinos Kalachanis, Habik-Hasak Maroukian, Georgios Saraditis, Dimitrios Theodosopoulos, and Chris Tzanis<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2022-15,2023<br>
<b>Preprint under review for HGSS</b> (discussion: open, 25 comments)<br>
The Argonauts’ trip along the northern limit of the Libyan Desert, from Syrtis Gulf to Tritonis Lake, is described by Apollonius Rhodes’ text ‘Argonautica’. The Argonauts sailed in this lake and located a narrow passage through which they exit to the Mediterranean’s coast.
2023-06-29T09:04:22+02:00New Zealand's first gauge-based sea level measurements
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-77-2023
<b>New Zealand's first gauge-based sea level measurements</b><br>
Glen H. Rowe<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 77–92, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-77-2023, 2023<br>
New Zealand’s first tide-gauge-based sea level measurements were made in 1773 during James Cook’s second voyage of discovery to the South Pacific. The paper examines the quality of those measurements by comparison with tide predictions based on modern information from locations close to the sites of the 1773 observations. The results show that the quality of their work was of at least a high standard. Whilst of little scientific value today, these measurements are historically significant.
2023-06-16T09:04:22+02:00Atmospheric electricity observations by Reinhold Reiter around Garmisch-Partenkirchen
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-71-2023
<b>Atmospheric electricity observations by Reinhold Reiter around Garmisch-Partenkirchen</b><br>
R. Giles Harrison and Kristian Schlegel<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 71–75, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-71-2023, 2023<br>
Environmental measurements were undertaken by Reinhold Reiter (1920–1998) around Garmisch-Partenkirchen in the Bavarian Alps for 4 decades. This included measurement sites on the Zugspitze and Wank mountains as well as the use of an instrumented cable car between the Eibsee and the Zugspitze summit. The Mount Wank site operated between 1 August 1972 and 31 December 1983, and the hourly data values – including atmospheric electricity quantities – for this site have been recovered.
2023-06-07T09:04:22+02:00History of EISCAT – Part 6: the participation of Japan in the EISCAT Scientific Association
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-61-2023
<b>History of EISCAT – Part 6: the participation of Japan in the EISCAT Scientific Association</b><br>
Nobuo Matuura, Ryoichi Fujii, and Satonori Nozawa<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 61–69, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-61-2023, 2023<br>
This paper describes the details of the Japan's participation in the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association as the 7th associate country approved in 1995, emphasizing strong collaboration with Norwegian scientists and the EISCAT Radar Scientific Association towards the realization of the Svalbard second antenna. Also described is a brief summary of Japanese EISCAT-related scientific achievement, comprehensive scientific collaborations so far between Japan and Europe, and hopes for EISCAT_3D.
2023-05-31T09:04:22+02:00Historical geomagnetic observations from Prague observatory (since 1839) and their contribution to geomagnetic research
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-51-2023
<b>Historical geomagnetic observations from Prague observatory (since 1839) and their contribution to geomagnetic research</b><br>
Pavel Hejda, Fridrich Valach, and Miloš Revallo<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 51–60, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-51-2023, 2023<br>
Historical observations are important, even for modern science (such as space research). The Clementinum in Prague was one of the first observatories where systematic measurements of the geomagnetic field commenced. We focus on the beginning of these Prague measurements, which were introduced by Karl Kreil in 1839. We describe archived data from that time, some details about the main instrument for observing magnetic storms and the first magnetic mapping in Bohemia.
2023-04-04T09:04:22+02:00History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 2: Seddin
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-43-2023
<b>History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 2: Seddin</b><br>
Hans-Joachim Linthe<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 43–50, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-43-2023, 2023<br>
Due to anthropogenic disturbances on the Potsdam Magnetic Observatory, a sub-observatory was installed in 1907 in the village of Seddin. Only variometer recordings were performed there. The launch of the DC-powered service of the Berlin suburban railway in 1928 influenced the observations in Potsdam and Seddin. The absolute measurements were moved to Seddin, and a new observatory was planned in Niemegk. Seddin Observatory closed in 1932.
2023-03-06T09:04:22+01:00The role of history in and for climate science – Social context and oral accounts
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-6
<b>The role of history in and for climate science – Social context and oral accounts</b><br>
Hans von Storch<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-2023-6,2023<br>
<b>Revised manuscript under review for HGSS</b> (discussion: final response, 4 comments)<br>
Climate science underwent a rapid expansion in the last decades, associated with ever growing significance for climate policy. On the other hand, climate science is, as all sciences, also a social process. Confronted with these developments, several different series of oral interviews with climate scholars, of different seniority, were done and archived. The present article gives an overview of these interviews, and tries to briefly describe the social context of climate science.
2023-02-22T09:04:22+01:00A pioneering time of discoveries in large-scale tropical meteorology: 1960 through 1972
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-33-2023
<b>A pioneering time of discoveries in large-scale tropical meteorology: 1960 through 1972</b><br>
Roland A. Madden<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 33–41, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-33-2023, 2023<br>
The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is an important phenomenon in tropical meteorology first discovered in the early 1970s by Roland Madden and Paul Julian. In this paper, Roland Madden relates the story of developments in theory, observations, and analysis techniques in the 1960s that led to that discovery.
2023-02-21T09:04:22+01:00History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 1: Potsdam
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-23-2023
<b>History of the Potsdam, Seddin and Niemegk geomagnetic observatories – Part 1: Potsdam</b><br>
Hans-Joachim Linthe<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 23–31, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-23-2023, 2023<br>
Gauß, Weber and Humboldt initiated the systematic observation of the Earth’s magnetic field in Germany. The first geomagnetic observatories were installed in Munich, Berlin and Wilhelmshaven. The Potsdam Magnetic Observatory was officially opened on 1 January 1890. Due to anthropogenic disturbances, a sub-observatory was installed in 1907 in the village of Seddin. The launch of the DC-powered service of the Berlin suburban railway system in 1928 terminated the observations in Potsdam.
2023-02-21T09:04:22+01:00Foundation of the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in its international context
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-15-2023
<b>Foundation of the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in its international context</b><br>
Johannes Schweitzer<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 15–22, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-15-2023, 2023<br>
This article describes the international seismological cooperation at the start of the last century and how this cooperation changed due to WWI. These changes were the direct reasons leading to the foundation of the Deutsche Seismologische Gesellschaft (DSG) in 1922, which changed its name to the Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) 2 years later. It then describes the further development of the relationship between German geophysicists and their colleagues until the start of WWII.
2023-02-15T09:04:22+01:00Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023
<b>Understanding the drift of Shackleton's Endurance during its last days before it sank in November 1915, using meteorological reanalysis data</b><br>
Marc de Vos, Panagiotis Kountouris, Lasse Rabenstein, John Shears, Mira Suhrhoff, and Christian Katlein<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 14, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-14-1-2023, 2023<br>
Poor visibility on the 3 d prior to the sinking of Sir Ernest Shackleton’s vessel, Endurance, during November 1915, hampered navigator Frank Worsley’s attempts to record its position. Thus, whilst the wreck was located in the Weddell Sea in March 2022, the drift path of Endurance during its final 3 d at the surface remained unknown. We used data from a modern meteorological model to reconstruct possible trajectories for this unknown portion of Endurance’s journey.
2023-01-27T09:04:22+01:00A review of different mascon approaches for regional gravity field modelling since 1968
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-205-2022
<b>A review of different mascon approaches for regional gravity field modelling since 1968</b><br>
Markus Antoni<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 205–217, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-205-2022, 2022<br>
The term mascon either refers to the fact of a significant gravity anomaly within a celestial body or to a modelling of these gravitational anomalies by localising base functions. The localising base functions that are labelled as mascons include point masses or surface elements based on the simple layer representation. In the case of surface elements, the surface density is constant per mascon, and each localising base function is a two-dimensional step function on the sphere.
2022-09-29T09:04:23+02:00HMS Challenger and SMS Gazelle – their 19th century voyages compared
https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-171-2022
<b>HMS Challenger and SMS Gazelle – their 19th century voyages compared</b><br>
W. John Gould<br>
Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 13, 171–204, https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-13-171-2022, 2022<br>
The paper compares the historical context, organization, personnel, conduct, and scientific innovation of the voyages of HMS Challenger (1872–6) and SMS Gazelle (1874–6). Though the expeditions were in many regards similar, the Challenger expedition became famous and is regarded as marking the start of global marine science, while the Gazelle voyage remains almost unknown. Why? A surprising factor may be what we now know as "health and safety" issues.
2022-09-22T09:04:23+02:00